长江经济带中三角地区农业结构的分析与优化对策

[目的]从宏观、中观和微观3个层面深入分析长江经济带中三角地区湖北、湖南和江西3省的农业产业结构及其各产业差异性和相对优势及其竞争力。[方法]在宏观层面运用了传统的基尼系数分析3个省份历史发展上的地区经济水平差异,判断3个地区经济发展是否存在虹吸效应;从中观层面运用区位熵指数分析法分析区域农业产业结构,从农畜林渔等方面判断各区域产业专业化水平程度;从微观层面运用偏离—份额分析法(SSM)分离出3个地区的各部门产业的优势及其竞争力。[结果]区域内的经济差异变化呈不断增大的趋势,基尼系数不断扩大;湖北的种植业、渔业和农林牧渔服务业,湖南的种植业、林业、畜牧业和农林牧渔服务业,江西的林业、渔业都较中三角地区对应的子产业的区位熵指数高;江西木材和竹加工业和烟草业具有较大的产业竞争优势,湖北的茶叶、水产和瓜果疏菜产业优势明显,湖南地区农业产业综合优势主要在于烟草、水果、肉类以及木材和竹类加工业。[结论]通过比较地区农业产业竞争优势,提出发展地区产业特色,合理布局全域农业产业,提高农产品附加收益,稳固对结构优化的资金支持等对策建议。

ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE IN YANGTZE RIVER ECONOMIC ZONES TRIANGLE SECTION

The paper deeply analyzed agricultural industrial structure in Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi, which locate in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and relevant differences, comparative advantages and competitiveness of each industry from perspectives of macroscopic scale, meso level and microscopic scale. The paper adopted Gink coefficient to analyze differences of local economic level of these three provinces in the historical development from the macroscopic scale, and check if the economic development in these three regions had siphonic effect. The paper applied location quotient index analysis to analyze agricultural industrial structure in these regions from the meso level, and check the level of professionalism of industry in these regions from aspects of agriculture, stock farming, forestry and fishery. The paper used shift share analysis method to find out advantages and competitiveness of various industries in these three regions respectively. Economic differences within the regions increased constantly; Gink coefficient was expanded continuously. Compared with related industries in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, location quotient index of crop farming, fishery and agriculture and farming services industry in Hubei, crop farming, forestry, stock farming and agriculture and farming services industry in Hunan, and forestry and fishery in Jiangxi was high. Timber, bamboo processing industry and tobacco industry in Jiangxi had relatively strong competitive advantages. Tea, fisheries, fruit and vegetables industries in Hubei had obvious advantages. Comprehensive advantages of agricultural industry in Hunan were reflected on tobacco, fruit, meat industry and timber and bamboo processing industry. By comparing the competitive advantages of regional agricultural industries, the paper was proposed to develop regional industrial characteristics, rationally distribute the local agriculture industry, increase the additional income of agricultural products, and stabilize the financial support for structural optimization.