重庆市农业循环经济发展水平评价

目的]作为新兴农业发展模式,农业循环经济是有效促进农业与农村可持续发展的重要途径,文章基于"4R"原则对重庆市农业循环经济发展水平进行综合分析和评价,以期为重庆市农业循环经济可持续发展提供一定的启示。方法]采用层次分析从资源减量投入、资源循环利用、资源环境安全、经济社会发展水平4个方面综合评价重庆市农业循环经济发展水平的情况,得出了权重值并进行分析。结果]重庆市农业循环经济发展的整体趋势稳中有进,大体可以分为两个阶段,2012—2014年发展趋势较为缓慢但整体呈上升趋势,2014—2015年发展速度显著提升,2015年后又趋于稳定。在4个影响方面中,资源的循环利用属于核心因素,对农业循环经济的影响作用最大,其主要体现在农业生产生活污水再生利用率、农户沼气池普及率及复种指数等方面;而资源减量投入指标与环境安全指标作用相当,在农业循环经济发展过程中应注重对农用药品物品(农药、化肥、农膜)的使用强度控制、农村用电强度、农业能耗指标控制以及人均耕地面积等方面的控制。相对而言重庆市社会经济的发展对农业循环经济的影响较小,推动力较弱。结论]重庆市发展农业循环经济的4点对策与建议:(1)建设农业循环经济技术支撑体系,开拓技术型市场;(2)调整农业循环经济产业新政策、新结构;(3)完善农业循环经济相关法律法规体系;(4)建设农业循环经济信息平台,加大信息透明力度。

EVALUATION ON AGRICULAL RECYCLING ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN CHONGQING

The development of agricultural circular economy is an important way to realize the sustainable development of ecology, society and economy. Based on the 4R principle, this paper made a comprehensive analysis and evaluation on the development level of agricultural circular economy, in order to provide some inspiration for the sustainable development of agricultural circular economy in Chongqing. The article generalized the basic situation of the development of agricultural circular economy in Chongqing, and then constructed the comprehensive evaluation of the development level of agricultural circular economy in Chongqing according to the relevant data and expert opinion, from 4 aspects: resource reduction investment, resource recycling, resource environment safety law, and economic and social development level. The weight of each index was determined and analyzed by index system. The results showed that the overall trend of the development of agricultural circular economy in Chongqing was stable and progressive, and it could be divided into 2 stages. From the year 2012 to 2014, the development trend of the three years was slow but the overall trend was rising. From the year 2014 to 2015, the development speed increased significantly, and then it became stable after 2015. In the 4 influence aspects, the recycling of resources was the core factor, which had the greatest impact on the agricultural circular economy, which was mainly reflected in the circulation utilization of agricultural production and living sewage, the popularity rate of the biogas pool and the replanting index of three aspects, while the resource reduction input index was equivalent to the environmental safety index, and in the agricultural cycle. In the process of economic development, we should pay attention to the quantity control of agricultural drugs, the total electricity consumption in rural areas, the total amount control of energy consumption and the control of per capita cultivated land area. Comparatively speaking, the social and economic development of Chongqing had little influence on the agricultural circular economy, and the driving force was weak. The development of agricultural circular economy in Chongqing had great potential and broad prospects. Although the trend of development in the past five years was on the rise, there are still many problems that are more prominent. According to the deficiencies reflected in the development of agricultural circulation in Chongqing, the countermeasures and suggestions for the development of the agricultural circular economy in the future were summarized. First of all, we should build up the supporting system of agricultural circular economy technology, develop the technical market, adjust the new policies and new structures of the agricultural circular economy industry; third, we should improve the relevant laws and regulations system of agricultural circular economy; fourth, the information platform of agricultural circular economy should be built, and the transparency of information should be increased.