我国农业景观技术现状、问题及发展战略研究

目的]农业景观是生态文明建设的重要组成部分,是农业现代化的重要标志;农业景观技术体系是农业景观从规划、设计,到施工、管理、运营的技术过程。温饱问题解决之后,必须践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念,大力发展农业景观,以满足人民日益增长的优美生态环境需要。方法]主要采用文献分析法。通过查阅文献,总结出我国农业景观技术仍然处于起步阶段,归纳了国外农业景观发展经验,揭示了我国农业景观科技发展面临的问题与挑战,并在此基础上提出了我国农业景观技术发展战略与对策。结果]将农业景观的发展经验概括为:扎实的基础研究是农业景观规范化的前提,健全的法律法规体系是农业景观制度化的保障,广泛的公众参与是农业景观集约化的基石,有序的管理运作是农业景观专业化的手段,先进的科技水平是农业景观优质化的关键,和谐的城乡关系是农业景观科学化的目的。我国农业景观技术面临的问题与挑战包括:农业景观法律法规与标准体系不适应农业现代化的要求,农业景观不能很好地与相关规划衔接,农业景观技术体系不完善。结论]提出应实施现代农业战略、标准战略、人才战略、平台战略和示范带动战略,加快推进农业农村现代化,形成节约资源和保护环境的空间格局和生活方式。

THE PRESENT SITUATION, PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA

Agricultural landscape is an important part of ecological civilization and a symbol of agricultural modernization. Agricultural landscape technology system is the technical process of agricultural landscape from planning and design to construction, management and operation. After solving the problem of food and clothing, we must practice the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and develop agricultural landscape, in order to meet people''s growing needs of ecological environment. By reviewing the literature, this paper summarized the agricultural landscape technology in China, found the development experience of agricultural landscape in foreign countries, revealed the problems and challenges of landscape agricultural technology in China, and finally put forward the development strategies of agricultural landscape technology in China. The results showed that fundamental research was the premise of the standardization of agricultural landscape; legal system was the guarantee of the institutionalization of agricultural landscape; public participation was the cornerstone of agricultural landscape intensification; management operation was the means of specialization of agricultural landscape; scientific and technological level was the key to the high quality of agricultural landscape, harmonious relationship between urban and rural areas was the purpose of scientific agricultural landscape. The problems and challenges of landscape agricultural technology in China included that the laws and standards system of agricultural landscape was unsuitable with the requirements of agricultural modernization; agricultural landscape cannot connect with the relevant planning well; the technology system of agricultural landscape was imperfect. It put forward the development strategies of agricultural landscape technology in China, including modern agriculture strategy, standard strategy, talents strategy, research platform strategy and demonstration base strategy, in order to accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, and form the space pattern and life style of saving resources and protecting the environment.