节能主体差异性对节能政策效率的影响分析

能源问题与环境问题都源于外部性,外部性内部化是实现节能目标的必经之路。借鉴环境政策手段比选模型,结合节能外部性的特点,建立节能成本模型。通过对命令控制手段和市场激励手段的比较分析,证明:节能主体差异性越大,命令控制手段的劣势越显著;市场激励手段不受差异性的影响,始终以最低成本实现目标,因而更有效率。基于此,提出中国节能降耗的政策建议:完善节能财税政策、开发节能交易机制等。

Comparative Study on Efficiency of Energy-saving Policies Based on Cost Heterogeneity

Since both energy and environmental problems are derived from externalities,internalization of externalities is critical to attain the targets of energy conservation. With the characteristics of externalities of energy conservation, an energy conservation cost model is established on the basis of comparison model of environmental policies. The results of comparison between command-and-control mechanisms and market-based mechanisms are as follows:the more heterogeneous entities is,the more noticeable disadvantages of command-and-control mechanisms appears;the market-based mechanisms are indifferent to heterogeneity of entities and reach the target more efficiently with the least cost. Based on these analyses,some proposals on energy conservation in China are proposed:to perfect energy conservation tax policies and to develop energy-aving trading mechanism.