水利水电工程移民农户的收入分化效应——基于云龙水库移民建设的实证研究

大规模公共工程建设产生大量搬迁移民农户,识别被动式移民农户并准确估算搬迁前后收入分化的福利影响效应,对评估工程建设可行性具有重要意义.以水利水电工程建设为例,根据212户原云龙水库区域农户搬迁前后收入情况的入户调查样本,采用双重差分估计法分析不同个体特征和社区特征对移民农户收入分化的净影响效应.研究结果表明,水利水电工程建设改变了移民农户原有的生活方式,会对移民农户搬迁后的收入产生正向影响.此外,具有不同个体特征和社区特征的移民农户在搬迁后会产生收入分化效应.当户主的受教育程度越高,移民农户搬迁后的收入水平越高;当移民农户选择搬迁至工业化水平较高的地区,其搬迁后收入增加相对容易.据此,从鼓励居民外迁、加强技能培训、选择工业化水平高的迁移地三个方面提出政策建议.

Income Differentiation Effect of Immigrants in Water Conservancy and Hydropower Projects: An Empirical Study Based on the Construction of Yunlong Reservoir

Large-scale public constructions involved a large number of resettlement, identifying passive immigrants and estimating the welfare effect of income differentiation are significant to evaluate the feasibility and performance of projects. Taking the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects as an example, we analyzed the net effect of the individual and community characteristics of different immigrants on the income differentiation based on the household survey samples of 212 farmers before and after the relocation of the original Yunlong reservoir area. The results show that the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects has changed the original life style of immigrants, and had a positive impact on the income of immigrants after relocation. In addition, the immigrants with different individual characteristics and community characteristics had income differentiation effect after relocation. When the education level of the head of household is high, the income level of the resettled is high. When migrants choose to move to areas with high level of industrialization, it is relatively easy to increase their income after relocation. Therefore, we put forward policy suggestions from three aspects: encouraging farmers to move abroad, strengthening skills training, and choosing a high level of industrialization.