制度规范、劳动保护与企业创新——基于《劳动合同法》颁布的准自然实验

文章以2008年新《劳动合同法》颁布为契机,基于2005-2019年上市公司数据库,检验了制度规范引致企业劳动保护增强后对企业创新水平的促进作用.研究结果表明,劳动保护显著促进了企业创新,以研发投入衡量的创新投入指标以及以专利数量衡量的创新产出指标均显著增强.进一步分析表明,制度规范带来的劳动保护增强主要通过人力资本投资效应以及要素替代效应两个渠道促进了企业创新,并且在民营企业中更为显著;同时地区市场化程度以及法治环境水平也是影响劳动保护促进企业创新的重要因素.《劳动合同法》为企业制度建设提供了规范指引,运用法治思维提升企业管理制度化水平是企业增强市场竞争力的必然选择.

Institutional Norms,Labor Protection and Enterprise Innovation: A Quasi-Natural Experi-ment Based on the Promulgation of the Labor Contract Law

Based on the database of listed companies from 2005 to 2019, this paper takes the opportunity of the promulgation of the new Labor Contract Law in 2008 as an opportunity to empirically test the promotion effect of the strengthening of labor protection caused by institutional norms on the innovation level of enterprises. The results show that labor protection significantly promotes enterprise innovation, and the innovation input index measured by R&D investment and the innovation output index measured by the number of patents are significantly enhanced. Further analysis shows that the enhancement of labor protection brought by institutional norms promotes enterprise innovation mainly through human capital investment effect and factor substitution effect, and it is more significant in private enterprises. At the same time, the degree of regional marketization and the level of legal environment are also important factors that affect labor protection and promote enterprise innovation. Labor Contract Law provides norm guidance for enterprise system construction, and it is an inevitable choice for enterprises to enhance market competitiveness by using the concepts of rule of law to enhance enterprise management system level.