洞庭湖区的湖垸农业、洪涝灾害与退田还湖

分析了洞庭湖的兴衰、演变与湖垸农业的关系;认为洞庭湖区的洪涝灾害是长期泥沙淤积与大规模围垦的必然结果:泥沙进入洞庭湖淤积,是形成湖垸农业的基础;围湖垦殖是泥沙淤积的结果,大规模围垦加速了洞庭湖的萎缩;湖盆的急剧萎缩,减少了湖泊的调蓄能力,是洪涝灾害发生的直接原因;湖垸农业就是一部先淤后垦、先垦后围、围湖垦殖、湖垸转换的历史;在分析洪涝灾害规律的基础上,总结提出了退田还湖区几种替代农业发展模式。

Huyuan agricultural and its substitutive patterns in Dongting Lake areas of returned field to lake

Huyuan(protective embankments in lakeside areas)is the basic unit for wetland agriculture of Dongting lake region. Huyuan Agricultural were caused firstly by the sediment deposition and secondly by cofferdam reclamation, and Large flood and waterlogged disaster occurred frequently. This paper introduces the status and the history the cofferdam reclamation in Dongting Lake. The reason and frequency of the flood and waterlogged are discussed in Dongting Lake. The investigation and analysis of evolution of Dongting Lake and its agricultural development were carried out. Now in the some areas have been returned field to lake so as to reach the goal of protecting wetland ecological system and refuging flood. Authors suggest the main countermeasures in Dongting Lake areas of returned field to lake: adjusting the production distributions of agriculture and adopting the plant system of disaster-avoidance; constructing substitutive agricultural patterns so as to constructing high efficiency agro-ecosystem which is unisonous between human beings and nature.