数字科技伦理监管的澳大利亚实践与启示

随着科技与社会的不断进步,数字科技逐渐成为了民众日常生活中不可或缺的一部分,相应地,在数字科技发展过程中所引发的科技伦理问题也愈发明显。作为较早的践行者,澳大利亚数字科技伦理监管的发展历程和实践经验能为我国数字科技伦理监管提供一定的启示和借鉴。本文对澳大利亚政府、行业组织与协会、大学与研究机构、社会媒体、企业五大监管主体在数字科技伦理监管体系中发挥的作用进行分析,解构了澳大利亚对数字科技伦理监管中用户隐私保护、信息获取自由与消费者数据权利、人工智能道德与负责任人工智能研发三大重点议题的政策布局。在此基础上,概括出澳大利亚数字科技伦理监管的四大制度安排,即制定战略目标、完善法律法规、加强资源建设能力、建立多方合作机制。最后借鉴澳大利亚的经验,对中国数字科技伦理监管提出四个方面的建议,包括构建多层次的治理框架、明确伦理监重点、强制性与自愿性相结合、重视数字科技伦理教育。

Australia's Practice and Insights on Ethical Regulation of Digital Technology

As technology and society continue to progress, digital technology has gradually become an integral part of people"s daily lives. Consequently, the ethical issues arising from the development of digital technology have become increasingly apparent. As an early practitioner, Australia"s development process and practical experience in the ethical regulation of digital technology can provide insights and lessons for the ethical regulation of digital technology in China. This article first analyzes the roles played by five major regulatory entities in Australia"s digital ethics regulatory system: the government, industry organizations and associations, universities and research institutions, social media, and businesses. It then explores the development process and current policy framework of three key ethical regulation issues in Australia"s digital technology ethics regulation: user privacy protection, freedom of information access and consumer data rights, and the ethics and responsible development of artificial intelligence. Based on this analysis, it summarizes four institutional arrangements for Australia"s ethical regulation of digital technology: setting strategic goals, improving laws and regulations, enhancing resource development capabilities, and establishing multi-party cooperation mechanisms. Finally, this article presents four recommendations for the ethical regulation of digital technology in our country: constructing a multi-level governance framework, clarifying ethical regulation priorities, combining mandatory and voluntary measures, and emphasizing the importance of digital technology ethics education.