论土地规划的环境影响评价

研究目的:<中华人民共和国环境影响评价法>确立了中国的环境影响评价制度,作者为开展土地利用规划的环境影响评价提供参考.研究方法:文献资料综合分析法、借鉴已经开展的有关工作的经验与相关领域的研究成果的方法.研究结论:将LUPEIA分为LUOPEIA、LUSPEIA、LUPPEIA三个层次,初步构建了中国LUPEIA体系;提出了基于PSR框架、FAO相关文件及项目EIA的LUPEIA方法论,建立了基于PSR框架的地市级土地利用规划环境评价指标体系,讨论了FAO相关文件在LUPEIA的作用,将土地利用持续性评价归结为LUPEIA的主要内容,土地利用结构的调整与空间布局对环境的影响是LUPEIA的特色,美国国家环保局的BASINS工具对土地利用造成的流域水环境质量影响评价是值得借鉴的方法.

Environmental Impact Assessment in Land Use Planning

The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the environmental impa ct assessment of land use planning which has been validated as a new system by t he EIA Law of China. The method of documentation was employed and relevant outpu ts in this field were also used for reference. EIA for land use planning can be classified into three types, i.e. EIA for comprehensive land use planning, EIA f or land use planning of specific purposes and EIA for project-oriented land us e planning. The paper set up the system of EIA for land use planning in China. T he methodology of EIA for land use planning was proposed on the basis of Pressur e-State-Response framework, documents released by FAO and project EIA. A set of indicators for EIA of comprehensive land use planning on municipal level was put forward based on PSR framework. The role of FAO documents was discussed. Su stainability assessment of land use is the core of EIA for land use planning. Wh ile the methodology of project EIA is used for reference, more attention shall b e paid to the environmental impacts caused by land use structure readjustment an d spatial allocation which characterize land use planning. The BASINS model deve loped by USEPA is quite useful in assessing the impacts of land use on water qua lity in a watershed. A case study on EIA of land consolidation project plan is p resented at the last part of the paper.