技术进步偏向对制造业就业增长的影响

基于要素增强型生产函数构建技术进步偏向对就业增长影响的理论模型，并利用1987—2013年中国制造业数据进行实证检验，分析表明：制造业部门中资本与劳动之间呈互补关系；1987—2013年整个制造业的技术进步是偏向资本的，并且其各行业的技术进步也基本偏向资本；技术进步偏向资本对整个制造业就业增长具有抑制作用，但与1987—1999年相比，2000—2013年技术进步偏向对就业增长的影响明显下降；大多数制造业行业的技术进步具有较强的资本替代劳动特征，其中劳动密集型行业技术进步对劳动的替代较小，而工资上涨进一步诱导行业技术进步偏向资本。为保障就业稳定增长，应加强对前沿技术引进的宏观调控和管理，降低资本替代劳动的速度，实现技术进步与就业增长的良性互动。

Biased Technological Progress Impact on Manufacturing Employment Growth

This paper builds a theoretical model that biased technical progress impacts on employment growth by CES production function, and makes an empirical analysis through Chinese manufacturing data from 1987 to 2013. The empirical results show that the relationship between capital and labor is complementary, and that technological progress is biased to capital in the industry during 1987-2013. The empirical results also show that capital-biased technological progress inhibits employment growth, which is obviously declining from 2000 to 2013 by comparing to it during 1987-1999. Meanwhile, technology path is characterized by capital substitution of labor in most industries, and the increasing wage leads to capital substitution of labor, however, the technological progress in labor-intensive industries has small substitution of labor. Therefore, in order to achieve technological progress and employment growth positive interaction, the government should strengthen the introduction of advanced technology and management of macro-control, reduce the rate of capital replacement of labor, and achieve positive interaction of technological progress and employment growth.