我国制造业企业的成本效率研究

本文运用了2001与2004年度我国制造业上市公司数据,采取随机前沿技术的成本函数,对254家企业进行成本函数估计得出具体参数值,按平均值分别测算我国制造业上市企业的前沿成本、成本效率、技术效率、配置效率和规模经济性。通过实证考察,结论认为技术效率的相对缺乏,是制造业企业成本非效率的主要因素,且高成本组始终处于较低的效率水平;2004年总体样本显示成本效率主要得益于技术进步,但资源的有效配置不容忽视;此外,规模经济性随着产出规模增加而下降。我国制造业上市公司作为一股"先进生产力"的代表,其成本效率需要前沿技术长期的推进。

Cost Efficiency of Manufacturing Firms in China Based on Stochastic Frontier Method

Using data of 254 manufacturing firms from 2001 and 2004, this paper utilizes stochastic frontier method to derive cost function and estimate the frontier cost, cost efficiency, technical efficiency, allocation efficiency and scale economy. The results show: (1) the stochastic cost of firms changes between two years, while the higher-cost group shows lower efficiency than others because of relative technical inefficiency. (2) The estimation for total sample show cost efficiency of firms is attributed to technical progress in 2004, which is not the case in 2001 when allocation efficiency contribute to major component of cost efficiency. (3) Scale economy of firms becomes lower as their outputs increase.