草原生态补偿与可持续发展研究——以呼伦贝尔草原的实践为例

草原生态补偿是促进农牧民增收和草原地区经济发展的重要措施,该机制的建立,从制度上可以保证农牧民的生计,从行为上可以引导农牧民调整草原畜牧业生产方式,实现草原生态环境协调可持续发展。草原生态补偿应落实好草原承包制度,要充分考虑到合理载畜量,在补偿方面以草畜平衡、管护、燃料替代等方面为重点,逐步建立和完善草原生态补偿制度体系。草原生态补偿体系在完善过程中要重点抓好落实草原保护制度,加强后期保护工作力度;积极推行草畜平衡制度,严格控制载畜量,限制超载放牧,规范草地利用制度,保护草原天然植被;加大草原地区投资力度,保障草原地区生态经济可持续发展;建立健全草原监理机构,依法行政保护草原资源;强化牧民的草原环保意识及其文化教育和技能培训。

Study on Grass Land Ecological Compensation and Sustainable Development: Taking the Practice on Hulunbuir Grassland as an Example

Grassland ecological compensation is an important measure to increase farmers’ income and promote economic development in grassland areas.The establishment of grassland ecological compensation mechanism can safeguard farmers’ livelihood,effectively guide farmers to transform the traditional grassland husbandry production mode,realizing the long-term development of the grassland areas.Grassland ecological compensation should be based on the fulfillment of grassland contract system,starting with grassland balance,fuel substitution,grassland supervision,etc.,and finally form the sophisticated grassland ecological compensation system.Improving grassland ecological compensation system should focus on effectively implementing grassland protection system,strengthening later protection;positively promote the balance system of grassland and livestock,strictly controlling the grazing capacity,restricting overgrazing,standardizing grassland utilization system,protecting natural steppe vegetation;intensifying investment in grassland areas,guaranteeing the sustainable development of grassland economy;establishing and improving grassland supervision establishments,protecting grassland resources according to the law;and improving farmers’ environmental awareness,cultural educational and technical training.