试论明代福建屯军家族的土地经营--兼及户籍转换与屯制演变

明代福建屯军整合制度与社会资源,完成了家族化与地方化。其间附籍州县,置民田,建构家族组织以运营军、民户头和屯田民产,成为横跨军、民两籍的跨籍宗族。顶屯、拓屯政策与屯、民田科则差异,是屯军家族土地经营的重要依凭。科则差异与家族内部屯民田的混合经营,不但使得屯田民佃有利可图,亦使屯军家族实现制度套利成为可能。屯田民佃过程中,民户顶充军户的现象使得军户身份呈现出模糊性。

A Study on the Land Management of Fujian Army Farming F amily--the Household Registration Modification and the Tuntian Evolution in Ming Dynasty

In the Ming Dynasty,Fujian farming army integrated the system and social resources to realize familization and localization.In the meantime,they became minhu(民户),purchased folk-lands,and built a family organization to operate the household registration and holding,thus became a cross-Household family.The difference policies were important support for the farming army's land management.The taxation's differences and the mixed management of the farms in the family,not only made the farms profitable,but also made it possible for the farming army family to achieve institutional arbitrage.In the process of minhu renting tuntian,the case that minhu served as junhu which makes the identity of military households ambiguous.