隧道施工超前地质预报研究进展

随着隧道工程的发展,距离特长、埋深特深、地质条件特复杂的隧道工程逐渐增多,因而隧道施工过程中产生的安全问题也随之增多。隧道施工超前地质预报则是确保隧道施工安全的关键保证,如何更加准确地对掌子面前方不良地质体进行预测预报,国内外学者展开了一系列理论分析、模型模拟以及试验研究。通过总结地质分析法、地震波法、电磁法、电法等一系列超前地质预报技术的研究进展,分析了这些技术的原理与优缺点,对现阶段隧道掘进机(TBM)施工环境下的超前地质预报技术进行了讨论。以“地质调查与物探技术相结合、长中短距离相结合、洞内外相结合、定性与定量分析相结合、经验法与专家系统分析相结合”五结合为原则提出了综合地质预报体系,并以地震干涉法超前地质预报这种新型技术为基础,探讨了相关领域的研究重点以及未来的研究方向,以期为推动隧道工程中超前地质预报技术的应用和发展提供借鉴与参考。

Research Progress of Advanced Geological Prediction in Tunnel Construction

With the development of tunneling engineering, the number of tunnel projects gradually increase with long distances, deep burial depths, and complicated geological conditions, therefore safety problems of the construction also increase. Advanced geological prediction is a key guarantee for the safety of tunnel construction. Researchers all over the world have carried out theoretical analysis, model simulation and experimental research to improve the accuracy of geological prediction. In this paper we summarize the research progresses of advanced geological forecasting techniques, such as geological analysis methods, seismic wave methods, electromagnetic methods, and electrical methods. We analyze the principles as well as advantages and shortcomings of these methods, and discuss the advanced geological prediction technology within TBM construction process. We propose a comprehensive geological prediction system based on five principles: combining geological survey and geophysical prospecting; combining long, medium and short distances; considering both inside and outside of the tunnel; integrating qualitative and quantitative analysis; incorporating empirical method and expert system analysis. Moreover, we discuss the research focus and future directions with seismic interference method in the purpose of offering reference for promoting the application and development of advanced geological prediction technology in tunnel engineering.