小农的韧性：个体、社会与国家交织的建构性特征——云南省勐腊县河边村疫情下的生计

本文以云南省贫困村庄河边村为例,通过对河边村脱贫历程以及疫情背景下生计转型的案例呈现,从收入和消费的视角展现风险冲击下小农的生活和生计景观。在疫情的冲击下,河边村脱贫过程中形成的新业态受到巨大打击,但是农户以"再农化"和多元生计的弹性策略应对所遇到的风险,实现了疫情之下基本生活的稳定。处于现代市场经济条件下小农韧性的形成不是一个孤立的过程,而是在特定政治经济条件下所形成的某种状态。小农的韧性体现在小农的行为上,有着鲜明的农本主义色彩,但是这一特性却不是小农固有的,而是小农与国家和社会共同互动建构出的一个特定的政治和社会经济状态,小农的韧性不可能脱离个体、国家和社会不同方面的有机协同。

The Resilience of Smallholders:A Constructed Representation of Interactions between Individuals,Society and the State

By analyzing the Hebian Village case of poverty reduction and its subsequent livelihood transformation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic,this paper attempts to present the landscape of smallholders’lives and livelihoods exposed to the new global risk,through the lens of income and consumption.Though the Hebian Village’s new industry formed along the way of its poverty reduction was severely hit by the pandemic,farmers in the village succeeded in stabilizing their living standards by adopting a flexible strategy consisting of re-agriculturalization and diversification of livelihoods.We thus argue that the formulation of resilience of smallholders in a modern market economy does not happen in an isolated way,but rather,it happens with situation-specific political and economic preconditions.Although the resilience of smallholders is reflected in the actions of smallholders and has a distinctive characteristic of physiocracy,it is not intrinsic to the smallholders themselves.Essentially,it is a political,social and economic state constructed in the interaction of smallholders,society and the state.The resilience of smallholders is thus not possible without a synergy among individual,societal and state actors.