数字经济下平台竞争对反垄断规制的挑战

平台经济是数字经济的重要组成部分,作为一种新的经济业态与生产组织方式具有优化资源配置、推动经济多元融合、促进产业升级与跨界融通发展的重要作用。平台企业在高速发展的同时也形成了垄断隐忧,妥善处理数字经济的创新发展与规制平台垄断行为的关系是全球反垄断司法辖区亟待解决的问题。平台的算法行为是企业为实现利润最大化而做出的明智的单方市场应对行为还是竞争者间非法合谋的结果,是数字经济中尤为突出的难题。数字经济的发展使平台的滥用行为既有传统反垄断法所规制的滥用行为的新表现,也有新型滥用行为。同时,大型数字科技公司的零存活区策略以及大型公司对初创企业的收购对竞争的影响亦值得反垄断法关注。从垄断协议、滥用市场支配地位和合并控制等角度看,应加强平台竞争监管,在现有反垄断法分析框架和体系下对平台竞争垄断进行规制,通过对立法、执法、司法的技术完善和更新来适应数字经济的特点和发展变化。在加强对平台竞争监管的同时,更要顺应数字经济的发展规律,创新对平台竞争监管的方式,构建公平有序的竞争环境,促进相关技术的革新与进步,推动平台经济与实体经济的深度融合,从而实现经济效率与社会总福利的提升。此外,应优化竞争分析框架,构建包含消费者福利、用户数据及隐私保护、平台的产品或服务质量等因素的多元分析框架,改进市场调查等竞争政策工具。

Challenges of Antitrust Regulation Arising from Platform Competition under Digital Economy

Platform economy is an important part of digital economy.As a new type of economic type and production and organization mode,platforms have significant influence on optimizing allocation of resources,promoting economic diversification and integration,enhancing industrial upgrading and integrated cross-border development.Platform providers also trigger anxieties of antitrust regulations behind its high development.How to properly deal with the relationship between the innovative development of digital economy and reasonably regulating the monopolistic behaviors of the platformsis a burning question for global antitrust jurisdictions to solve.The use of algorithms further complicates the issue regarding collusion,which is to distinguish between firms’intelligent and unilateral reactions to market conditions to maximize profits and practices that result from cooperating with competitors.As a result of the development of digital economy,the abusive conducts of platforms include new forms of abusive conducts prohibited under traditional antitrust law and new types of abusive conducts particularly existed in digital economy.Meanwhile,the impact of kill-zone strategy of big tech firms and mergers between established firms and start-ups on competition is also noteworthy for antitrust law.From the aspects of monopolistic agreement,the abusement of market dominant position,and merger control,we should reinforce supervision on platform competition.Antitrust regulations on platform competition should be proceeded under current antitrust law analytical framework and system.It is wise to adapt to the characteristics and changes of digital economy by improving and updating legislative,enforcement and judicial technology.Meanwhile,we should also conformto the objective laws of digital economy development,innovate the methods of supervising platform competition to construct a fair and orderly competitive environment,enhance the innovation and development of relevant technologies,promote deep integration of platform economy and entity economy,and consequently realize the promotion of economic efficiency and social total welfare.Moreover,we should optimize the competition analysis framework,establish the multivariate analysis frameworks including consumer welfare,data security and privacy,quality of products and servicesto improve the competition policy tools such as market investigation.