论民间借贷利率上限的确定

民间借贷利率上限的确定是民间借贷规范发展的核心问题。民间借贷利率上限的确定应考量自由、公平、效率、秩序等价值因素。我国目前确立的民间借贷利率上限已不能适应经济发展的需要。民间借贷利率上限的确定应当结合实践、经济学和比较法上的经验，将民间借贷以主体为标准进行类型化区分，分别采取不同的规制方法。对于一般民事主体为借款人的借贷，在利率规制模式的选择上宜采用客观主义模式下的“硬上限”，其利率上限为银行同期贷款基准利率的两倍；对于商事主体为借款人的借贷，灵活运用“软上限”的规制方法；对于放债人借贷，其利率规制应由专门性法规单独加以规定，不适用一般民事主体和商事主体的借贷利率上限。

Determination of the Upper Limit of Folk Loan Interest Rates

The determination of the upper limit of folk loan interest rates is a core factor in the development of folk credit regulation, which should take value factors such as freedom, fairness, efficiency and order into account. Current upper limit of folk loan interest rates in China has been unable to meet the needs of economic development. The upper limit of folk loan interest rates should be determined based on the experience in practice, economics and comparative method, classification according to subjects and different regulation methods. As for civil-subject personal loans, interest rate regulation should apply the hard upper limit under the objective mode, which is twice as high as bank benchmark loan interest rates in the same period. Personal loans based on business subject should flexibly apply soft-upper-limit regulation. Interest rate regulation of per- sonal loans based on money lenders should be defined singly by specialized rules, and cannot apply the upper limit of loan interest rates concerning general civil and business subjects.