最低工资对我国就业性别差异的影响研究——基于中国省际面板数据和行业面板数据的分析

文章基于中国1996-2012年省际面板数据和城镇单位行业面板数据，在控制了教育、劳动供给、经济开放、经济发展、就业环境和时间等因素后，考查了相对最低工资和绝对最低工资的提升对城镇单位就业性别差异的影响。结果表明，最低工资对就业性别差异的影响存在自我修正机制，当期影响与滞后影响方向相反；相对最低工资的综合影响以正向为主，但影响较微弱，绝对最低工资的影响主要体现在滞后效应中，综合影响以负向为主；在高工资行业和女性就业集中度较低的行业中，相对最低工资的当期影响存在一致的负向性、滞后影响以正向为主，绝对最低工资的当期影响以负向为主、滞后影响以正向为主；在女性就业集中度较高的行业中绝对工资的滞后影响以负向为主。

The Effects of Minimum Wage on China's Gender Difference of Employment:Based on the Province-level Panel Data and Industrial Data of China

Based on China’s province-level panel data and industrial panel data of urban units from 1996 to 2012 and by controlling the factors of education, labor supply, economic opening-up, economic development, employment environment and time, the paper studied the effects of the relative minimum wage and absolute minimum wage to the gender difference of employment in urban units. The main results are as follows: There exists a self-correction mechanism in the influence of minimum wage to the gender differences and the current and lagged influence directions in all industries are inversely; The total influences of relative minimum wage are mainly positive but weakly, while the lagged effects of absolute minimum wage are mostly significant and the total influences are mainly negative; In the industries with higher wage industries or with lower ratio of female employees, the current influences of relative minimum wage are all negative and the lagged influences are mainly positive, while the current influences of absolute minimum wage are mainly negative and the lagged influences are mainly positive. In those industries with higher ratio of female employees, the lagged effects of absolute wage are mainly negative.