技术关联对制造业结构升级的影响——基于东北三省企业面板数据的实证分析

利用东北三省36个地级行政单元2003年至2020年的面板数据,对东北三省制造业高端化水平和制造业技术关联水平进行测度,并对技术关联和其他各要素对制造业高端化的影响机制进行分析。研究结果表明:东北三省制造业高端化水平小幅度上升,空间上整体呈现出南高北低的格局,资源型城市的制造业高端化水平较低;各制造业之间的技术关联密度明显增大,医药制造、汽车制造、专用装备制造等高技术制造业逐渐取代资源加工类制造业居于关联网络中心,而农产品加工相关制造业则一直位于关联网络中心;东北三省技术关联水平先上升后下降,空间上呈现中南部高、西北部低的格局;技术关联密度对制造业高端化起到促进作用。

Influence of Technology Correlation on Manufacturing Structure Upgrading: An Empirical Analysis Based on Enterprise Panel Data of Northeast China

Based on the panel data of 36 prefecture-level cities in Northeast China from 2003 to 2020, the level of manufacturing upgrading and the technology correlation level of manufacturing industries in Northeast China are measured, and the spatial and temporal evolution of technology correlation and manufactory upgrading, influence mechanism of technology correlation and other factors on the index of manufacturing premiumization are analyzed. Results show that the level of manufacturing premiumization in Northeast China shows a small upward trend, but the difference among cities gradually increases before 2012, and shrinks after 2012. The overall spatial pattern shows a phenomenon of higher level in the south and lower level in the north, and the level of manufacturing premiumizationin resource-based cities is obviously lower than other cities. The technology correlation density among the manufacturing industries increases significantly from 2003 to 2020. The high-tech manufacturing industries such as pharmaceutical manufacturing, automobile manufacturing and special equipment manufacturing gradually replace the resource processing manufacturing industry in the correlation network center, while the agricultural product processing manufacturing industry and other manufacturing industries related to the primary sector are always located in the correlation network center. The technology correlation level of Northeast China increased before 2012 and then decreases; showing a spatial pattern of higher level in the central and southern parts and lower level in the northwest. The regression results show that technology correlation density promotes the manufacturing premiumization, which is similar with the previous research about China and other countries. In the control variables, economic development level, human capital level and urbanization level promote the high-end manufacturing industry, and the promotion of human resource is the most direct and significant. Government expenditure does not work as expected, and the effect of fixed investment before 2012 is not obvious, but has stronger effect after 2012.The results suggest that in the future developing planning of Northeast China, strengthening the construction of the human resource and promoting integration of agriculture economy are the key steps of revitalizing.