对山东口岸进口高酸原油的分析与思考

近几年,山东口岸高酸原油进口量快速增长,从2007年的232万吨增长到2010年的523万吨,占山东口岸进口原油总量的比例也从2007年的10%上升到2010年的15.7%。进口高酸原油的来源国别众多,基本涵盖了高酸原油主产地各国,种类也呈现多样化趋势,由2007年的6种上升到2010年的10种。山东口岸进口高酸原油的价格变化与国际原油的价格变化趋势始终吻合。进口的高酸原油主要流向中国石化和中国石油下属的炼化企业以及与中国石油签订合作协议的部分地方炼厂。国产高酸原油的钒含量相对进口品种都较低,但镍含量普遍高于进口高酸原油平均水平,几类进口高酸原油的API度基本都在国产高酸原油之上,加工难度比国产高酸原油稍低。拥有国内高酸原油加工能力的炼化企业对于这几类进口高酸原油具备了相当的技术基础。高酸原油对原油定价的影响很大,对炼化企业生产的设备要求很高。建议国内相关炼化企业密切关注进口高酸原油的各种特性,同时注重安全环保,做到生产加工有的放矢。

Quality analysis of imported high-acid crude oil at Shandong ports and other considerations

In recent years the quantity of imported high-acid crude oil has increased rapidly at Shandong ports, from 2.32 million tons in 2007 to 5.23 million tons in 2010, while high-acid crude’s share of total crude oil imports also increased, from 10% in 2007 to 15.7% in 2010. The high acid crude oil is being imported from lots of countries, spanning the main high-acid crude oil producing countries. The assortment of varieties also became more diversified, increasing from 6 in 2007 to 10 varieties in 2010. The price movement of imported high-acid crude oil at Shandong ports always follows the international trend in crude oil prices. The high-acid crude oil imported through Shandong ports has flowed mainly to the petrochemical enterprises of Sinopec and PetroChina, and those local refineries which have signed cooperation agreements with PetroChina. Domestic high-acid crude oil has a relatively lower vanadium content compared to imported, but the nickel content in imports is generally higher than the average level. The API gravity of the imported varieties is usually greater than that of domestic varieties, while imported varieties are easier to process than domestic varieties. Petrochemical enterprises with capacity to process domestic high-acid crude oil already have a considerable technology base to process imported varieties. Acid number has a big impact on the crude oil price; a higher number also imposes greater requirements on production facilities. Processing and usage of imported high-acid crude oil should be reasonable and carefully considered.