亚当·斯密的思想框架及启迪

善和恶是人性中的两个基本维度。基于人性恶会导致利己行为,并会为一己之利而损害他人,因此,我们需要通过法律制度来维护正义。基于人性善会产生利他行为,使得人与人之间友爱和睦,因此,我们崇尚人类的美德品质。本文从人性出发,完整地解读了斯密思想的法律观、道德观和经济观,揭示了斯密心中完美的理想社会和人类自然秩序,阐述了斯密思想对现实社会发展的启迪和意义。文章最后揭示了为保障实现理想社会的三条自然法则:正义的法律作为人的一切行为的外在规范;公正的旁观者作为人的一切行为的内心监督;在平等和自由条件下追求自我利益。

Ideological Framework of Adam Smith and Its Implication

Goodness and evil are the two basic dimensions of human nature. The evil of human nature will lead to self-interested behavior. We might harm others for our own benefit, thus a legal system is needed to safeguard the justice. Goodness of human nature will lead to altruism behavior, making interpersonal fraternity and harmony, therefore human virtues are formed. This paper, from the angle of human nature, comprehensively analyze Smith＇s thought of legal, moral and economic view, revealing Smith＇s perfect ideal human society and the natural order, expounding the enlightenment and significance of Smith＇s thought on the reality of social development. Finally, the paper expounds three natural laws to guarantee the realization of the ideal society： taking the laws of justice as the external norms of all human behaviors, taking the impartial spectator as inner supervisor of all human behavior, pursuing self-interest under the condition of equality and freedom.