我国渔民增收机制探讨

渔民作为渔业生产最重要的主体，其收入增长在近十年呈放缓趋势，这也就导致了我国渔民人均年纯收入与城镇居民之间的差距不断拉大。论文分析了渔民增收放缓的症结包括：来源少，渔民的收入主要来源于经营性收入；支出高，生产资料涨价、渔业税费减免不力以及塘租等相关费用的提高是致使渔民支出较高的重要原因；风险大，渔业生产面临自然风、市场风险；政策偏，税费减免政策不到位，部分补贴不落实，水域占用补偿尚未规范。促进渔民增收是一项系统工程，必须多措并举，建立长效的增收机制。“进”“退”结合，退出近海和内湖捕捞，进入水产养殖业和其他行业，积极推行生态健康养殖模式，退出生产，进入服务；“权”“利”转化，积极探索捕捞权和养殖权的流转模式，通过渔业水域滩涂规划以及水域分层确权确保利益分配的合理性和规范性；“质”“量”共管，保障国内水产品供给的同时更加注重水产品品质的提升；“减”“扶”并进，加大对渔业和渔民的政策扶持力度，增加福利性收入，完善渔业政策性保险以降低生产风险；“内”“外”兼顾，利用内外两种资源，关注内外两个市场。

A discuss on the mechanism for increasing the fisherman income in China

Fishermen, as the fishery production of the most important subject, and its revenue growth getting slower in the last decade, which leads to the gap annual net income per capita between fishermen and urban residents continue to widen. The paper analyzes the reason why the fishermen＇s revenue growth gets slower： the source is limited, the fishermen＇s income comes mainly from business income, wage income and property income are less; the spending is high, the rising of the production goods prices, the ineffective of fishing tax relief, and the increase on pond rental are all the reasons for the higher expenditures fishermen; risk, fishery production faces natural and market risk; lack of policy, tax reduction and exemption policies are not relating to fishery, part of the subsidies are not implemented, the water occupy compensation has not been regulated. The paper considers that the promotion of fishermen income is a systematic project, long-lasting mechanism should be established： the concerting of ＂in＂ and ＂out＂, transform of ＂rights＂ and ＂profit＂, co-management on both ＂quality＂ and ＂quantity＂, ＂reduce＂ and ＂support＂, ＇,domestic＂ and ＂abroad＂ strategy.