我国农村公共物品供给市场化的困境分析——以小型水利设施为例

我国农村公共物品的市场化供给模式已引起理论界的广泛关注。以农村小型水利设施为例，我国市场化供给模式中存在着运作前提条件不充分、市场化经济和社会效益低、市场化后供需不平衡、市场化无法实现的水利工程运营高效率和兼顾社会公平等困难。究其原因，农户对小型水利设施特殊的需求状况——需求主体很小的需求弹性、需求主体的变动性、需求主体的分散性和需求主体的层次性，是我国农村小型水利设施市场化供给模式难以广泛推广的主要制约因素。因此，小型水利设施市场化改革需解决以上困境，不宜简单地把农村公共物品的供给予以市场化，坚持政府投入为主，逐步市场化的策略是破解我国农村公共物品供给市场化困境的权宜之路。

The Analysis on the Dilemma ofthe Marketization of Public Goods Supply in Rural China--Take Small Water Conservancy Facilities As An Example

The marketization ofrural public goods supply in China has been paid widespread attention in theoretical circles. Taking small water conservancy facilities as an example,there are many problems with its marketization, such as insufficient preparation for operation,low economic and social benefits, unbalanced supply and demand in the market, and the difficulty to balance efficiency of water conservancy and Social Equity. The main reason forthose problems is the special nature ofthe demander(for example, farmers )for small water conservancy facilities,including low elasticity, high mobility and high dispersivity ofthe demanders as well as its levels. Therefore,itis inadequate to just simply marketize rural public goods supply. The problems mentioned above need to be solved before marketization. To walk away from the dilemma, we need insist on governmentinvestment as primacy and progressively realize the marketization ofrural public goods supply in China.