东北亚地区水产品贸易的竞争性与互补性研究

本文通过对中国、日本、韩国、俄罗斯和蒙古共5个东北亚①国家的活鱼、鲜冷鱼、冻鱼、鱼片及鱼肉、熏鱼及盐腌鱼、甲壳动物和软体动物②共7种水产品的相对贸易优势指数进行了测算,并进一步通过OBC指数法判断了5国间水产品贸易的互补性与竞争性。研究发现,中国的活鱼、鲜冷鱼等6种水产品、韩国的软体动物以及蒙古的冻鱼等3种水产品是具有贸易竞争优势的水产品。5国间水产品贸易呈现的特点是互补性大于竞争性。具体而言,中日、中蒙、中韩,俄蒙、日俄、蒙韩之间呈现互补性,其中中韩、俄蒙之间的互补性很强,中日次之,中蒙、蒙韩之间互补性最弱。同时俄罗斯对我国水产品贸易逐渐形成竞争。文章继而对形成上述现象的原因进行了初步探析,并就我国如何在东北亚水产品市场利用与其他国家的贸易互补性提升竞争力提出了相应的政策建议。

On the Competitiveness and Complementarity in Aquatic Products Trade among North-East Asian Countries

All through China, Japan, Korea, Russia and Mongolia, a total of five countries in North-East Asia, live fish, chilled fish, frozen fish, fish meat and fillets, cured or smoked fish meal for human consumption, crustacean and mollusk, a total of seven aquatic products' comparative advantage index is measured in this paper. Furthermore, through OBC Index, the paper values the complementarity and competitiveness in aquatic products trade between the five countries. The study finds six kinds of products as China's live fish etc., three kinds of aquatic products as South Korea and Mongolia frozen fish etc., are aquatic products with competitive advantage. The five countries' aquatic products trade has been characterized by complementarity than competitiveness. Specifically, China and Japan, Mongolia, South Korea, Russia and Mongolia, Japan and Russia, Mongolia are characterized by complementarity. Aquatic products exports from Russia compete effectively with China.The paper also tries to give a preliminary explanation on this phenomenon, and how should China's aquatic products enhance competitiveness while taking advantage of trade complementarities in the North-East market and corresponding policies.