Biodiversity crime and economic crisis: Hidden mechanisms of misuse of ecosystem goods in Greece |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Hawaii, United States;2. East-West Center, United States;3. Center for International Forest Research (CIFOR), Indonesia;4. University of Arizona, United States;5. NGO from Bantaeng, South Sulawesi, Indonesia;6. Radboud University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands;7. Cornell University, United States;8. Independent Mapping, Indonesia;1. National Institute for Economic Research \"Costin C. Kiri?escu\", Romanian Academy, Casa Academiei Române, Calea 13 September, No. 13 Bucharest, Romania;2. Petroleum - Gas University of Ploiesti, Faculty of Economic Sciences, B-dul, Bucuresti, No.39, 100680, Ploiesti, Prahova, Romania;3. The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 15-17 Dorobanti St., Sector 1, 010552, Bucharest, Romania;1. Instituto De Postgrado, Universidad Técnica Del Norte, Av. 17 De Julio 5-21 and General José María Cordova, C.P. 100105, Ibarra, Ecuador;2. Department of Study of Water and Energy, Universidad De Guadalajara, Campus CUTonalá Av. Nuevo Periférico No. 555 Ejido San José Tatepozco, C.P. 45425, Tonalá, Jalisco, Mexico;1. Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor, Koro?ka 160, Maribor, Slovenia;2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Koro?ka 160, Maribor, Slovenia;3. DOPPS-BirdLife Slovenia, Tr?a?ka cesta 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia;4. Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, Ho?e, Slovenia;1. Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems, UNISINOS, Av. Unisinos, 950, CEP 93.022-750, São Leopoldo, Brazil;2. Wetlands Section, Regional Center of Water Studies, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The paper presents the case of biodiversity misuse in urban and rural areas of Greece during the years of economic recession (2008–2019). The hypothesis addressed is that if fiscal crisis and economic recession lead to biodiversity misuse, then, even strong conservation strategies such as those allegedly implemented in developed countries may not be resilient to macro-economic shocks. Empirical data and official statistics are combined in an interpretive way. Mechanisms that enable criminal misuse of biotic resources in protected areas, forests and coastal areas of the country are defined and quantified through specific examples of illegal hunting, logging and fishing. They are defined as the Active Sampling effect, the Market De-concentration effect and the Underground Market effect of crisis. Such crime enablers are not, most likely, country-level singularities; they can be generalized both through their trans-boundary effects and in view of their interference with international conservation strategy and Law. |
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| Keywords: | Biodiversity crime Greece Poaching Illegal fishing Illegal logging Judicial statistics |
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