Impact of distance on the arrivals,behaviours and attitudes of international tourists in Hong Kong: A longitudinal approach |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Hotel and Tourism Management, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 17 Science Museum Road, TST East, Kowloon, Hong Kong;2. College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747 South Korea;1. School of Hotel & Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 17 Science Museum Road, TST East, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;2. Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China;1. Mokwon University, Division of Service Management, 88 Doanbuk-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35349, Republic of Korea;2. Hanbat National University, Department of Urban Engineering, 125 Dongseodaero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34158, Republic of Korea;3. The University of Seoul, Department of Urban Planning and Design, 163, Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea;1. School of Hotel and Tourism Management (SHTM), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong;2. School of Professional Education and Executive Development (SPEED), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong;1. University of Valencia, Facultat d’Economia, Department of Marketing, Av. Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain;2. Instituto Serrallarga, c/ Joan Benejam, 1. Blanes, Gerona, Spain;1. Division of Tourism, Dongseo University, Haeundae-gu, Busan, 48058, Republic of Korea;2. School of Tourism, College of Social Science, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | This study revisits the impact of distance on international tourist behaviours in Hong Kong. This work divides and cross-validates the concept of distance into physical and cultural distance. This work also proposes an alternative cultural distance measure by introducing optimal weight amongst Hofstede's dimensions and then compares the proposed measure with the traditional Kogut and Singh's and Kandogan's measures. By using data from the Visitor Profile Report of the Hong Kong Tourism Board and the World Trade Organisation from 2002 to 2017, along with latent growth curve modelling, multivariate regression and panel data analysis, findings confirmed the significant role of physical and cultural distance. In addition, quadratic relationships are detected using cross-validation methods. The effect of physical distance on tourist demands clearly dominates that of cultural distance in the overall market. The problem of spurious correlation and the results of three cultural distance measures are also discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Cultural distance International tourist behavior Tourism demands Latent growth curve modelling Multivariate multiple regression Panel data analysis |
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