Extension,advice and knowledge systems for private forestry: Understanding diversity and change across Europe |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Chair of Forest and Environmental Policy, University of Freiburg, Germany;2. Institutionen för sydsvensk skogsvetenskap, SLU Alnarp, Sweden;3. Institutionen för skoglig resurshushållning, SLU UMEÅ, Sweden;1. University of Alcala, Department of Economics, Spain;2. University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Slovenia;3. University of Aberdeen, UK;4. Universitatea Stefan cel Mare, Romania;5. IRSTEA, France;6. University of Technology in Zvolen, Slovakia;7. Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic;8. University of Highlands and Islands, Scotland, UK;9. Høyskolen Kristiania, Norway;1. University of Helsinki, Finland;2. Bavarian State Forest Institute, Germany;3. The European Forest Institute Central-East and South-East European Regional Office (EFICEEC-EFISEE), c/o University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Feistmantelstraße 4, A-1180 Vienna, Austria;4. Centre National de la Propriété Forestière, France;5. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden;6. Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Science, Czech Republic;7. Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia;8. Office Economique Wallon du Bois, Belgium;9. Zvolen Technical University, Slovakia;10. University Ștefan cel Mare Suceava, Romania;11. Natural Resources Institute, Finland;12. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Serbia |
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| Abstract: | The decisions and actions of private forest owners are important for the delivery of forest goods and services. Both forest ownership, and policies related to forest owners, are changing. Traditionally in most countries, government extension officers have advised and instructed forest owners, but this is evolving, with greater importance given to a range of actors, objectives, and knowledge types. Drawing on literature and mixed data from 10 countries in Europe, this paper explores how forestry advisory systems can be conceptualized, and describes their current situation in Europe. Drawing parallels with the concept of AKIS (Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems), we propose the term FOKIS (FOrestry Knowledge and Information Systems), as both a system (a purposeful and interdependent group of bodies) and a method for understanding such systems. We define four dimensions for describing FOKIS: owners, policy goals, advice providers, and tools. We find different roles for extension in countries with centrally controlled, highly regulated forest management, and advisors in regions where forest owners have more freedom to choose how to manage their forest. We find five trends across Europe: increasing flexibility, openness and participation of owners as sources of information; increasing reliance on information and persuasion rather than enforced compliance; a shift of attention from timber to a wider range of ecosystem services such as biodiversity and recreation; a shift of funding and providers from public to private sector; emergence of new virtual communication tools. The approach provides a way to make sense of comparisons and change in FOKIS, and opens up an important research field. |
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| Keywords: | Family forestry Knowledge exchange Policy tools Private forest owners Regulation Technology transfer |
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