农机社会化服务对农业劳动生产率的影响研究

[目的]农业劳动生产率的提高是中国农业现代化的重要特征，进一步探讨农机社会化服务对农业劳动生产率的作用效果具有现实意义。[方法]文章基于2019年全国13省份玉米种植户调查数据，采用OLS回归模型与倾向得分匹配法，分析了农机社会化服务对农业劳动生产率的影响效应，探讨影响效应在不同地形条件、兼业程度的组群差异，并考察了不同环节农机社会化服务对农业劳动生产率的影响差异。[结果]（1）农机社会化服务正向显著影响农业劳动生产率，采纳农机社会化服务会促使农户农业劳动生产率显著提高18.8%。但农户采纳农机社会化服务的作用效果具有环节异质性。采纳耕整地、播种、灌溉排水和收获环节农机社会化服务会促使农户农业劳动生产率分别显著提高21.2%、17.4%、22.9%和18.3%;(2)而农户采纳植保环节农机社会化服务对农业劳动生产率并不具有显著影响。农户采纳农机社会化服务对劳动生产率的影响效应还存在禀赋差异，平地农户采纳农机社会化服务使其农业劳动生产率显著提高21.9%，而坡地山地农户采纳农机社会化服务对农业劳动生产率没有表现出显著的影响。（3）纯农业户与兼业农户采纳农机社会化服务都会对农业劳动生产率产...

STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY SOCIALIZATION SERVICE ON AGRICULTURAL LABOR PRODUCTIVITY

The improvement of agricultural labor productivity is an important feature of China''s agricultural modernization. It is of practical significance to further explore the effect of socialized service of agricultural machinery on agricultural labor productivity. Based on the survey data of maize farmers in 13 provinces of China in 2019, the OLS regression model and propensity score matching method were used to analyze the impact of agricultural machinery socialization services on agricultural labor productivity, explore the group differences of the effect in different terrain conditions and degree of part-time work, and investigatethe differences in the impact of socialized service of agricultural machinery on agricultural labor productivity at different stages. The results were listed as follows.(1)Agricultural machinery socialization service positively affected the labor productivity of corn production, and the average net effect was 18.8%. However, the effect of farmers'' adoption of agricultural machinery socialization service had link heterogeneity. The average net effect of agricultural machinery socialization service in tillage, sowing, irrigation and drainage and harvesting on agricultural labor productivity was 21.2%, 17.4%, 22.9% and 18.3%, respectively. (2) However, the adoption of farm machinery socialization service in plant protection had no significant impact on agricultural labor productivity. The effect of farmers'' adoption of socialized agricultural machinery services on labor productivity was also different in endowment. The average net effect of farmers'' adoption of socialized agricultural machinery services on agricultural labor productivity was 21.9%, while farmers'' adoption of socialized agricultural machinery services in hilly areas had no significant effect on agricultural labor productivity. (3) The adoption of agricultural machinery socialization services by both pure agricultural households and part-time farming households had a significant positive effect on agricultural labor productivity. The average net effect of pure agricultural households was 19.6% higher than that of part-time farming households.In general, under the current rural environment in China, the adoption of agricultural machinery socialization service by farmers can significantly improve agricultural labor productivity. The effect intensity of agricultural machinery socialization service on agricultural labor productivity is showed as follows, irrigation and drainage link, tillage and land preparation link, harvest link and sowing link. In addition, the adoption of agricultural machinery socialization service by pure agricultural households with flat land has a greater effect on agricultural labor productivity.