解读“穷人思维”:贫困农户风险态度的影响因素分析——来自广西、贵州贫困山区入户实地实验的证据

采用入户实地实验的方式，从贫困农户风险态度的影响因素入手对"穷人思维"进行解读。在广西、贵州两个少数民族聚居乡（镇）进行的抽样调查和实验发现，贫农普遍厌恶风险，特别在面临可能的损失时风险厌恶程度显著上升，但也有部分风险偏好者，在面临可能的损失时却更为偏好风险；越是厌恶风险者获得的实验收益越低，相反越是偏好风险者获得的实验收益越高；配偶、母亲受教育水平的增加显著降低了贫农的风险厌恶程度；家庭承受的教育负担越重，贫农的风险厌恶程度越高。扶贫政策的开展和实施应考虑贫农的风险态度，完善针对风险偏好者的多样化的金融支持和针对风险厌恶者的低息金融扶持，能覆盖更广泛的贫农群体。长期来看，教育扶贫应当成为一项持续的重点扶贫政策，降低家庭教育负担、提高女性的受教育年限、加强成人继续教育培训都将产生长期、积极的显著影响。

Understanding ‘the Poor's Mind’: An Empirical Study on Risk Attitudes of Poor Farmers with the Evidence from a Field Experiment in Rural Minority Villages in Western China

Using the method of field experiments, this paper interprets the "thinking of the poor" from the influencing factors of risk attitude of poor farmers. Sample survey and experiment in Guangxi and Guizhou, two minority nationality villages (towns) found that poor peasants generally hate risk, especially when faced with possible losses, the degree of risk aversion increased significantly, but some risk preferences were more risk-averse when faced with possible losses; the more risk-averse peasants got risk-averse, the more risk-averse peasants got risk-aversion. The lower the experimental returns, the higher the experimental returns of the risk-preferent; the higher the educational level of spouses and mothers, the lower the risk aversion of the poor peasants; the heavier the educational burden the family bears, the higher the risk aversion of the poor peasants. The development and implementation of poverty alleviation policies should take into account the risk attitude of poor peasants, improve diversified financial support for risk preferences and low-interest financial support for risk averse, so as to cover a wider group of poor peasants. In the long run, poverty alleviation through education should be a sustained and key poverty alleviation policy. Reducing the burden of family education, increasing women's education years and strengthening adult continuing education and training will have a long-term, positive and significant impact.