试论生态文明新时代自然保护区之基础性地位

中国新时代生态文明建设为自然保护区的定位提出了新的战略需求，正在开展的自然保护地整合优化工作对自然保护区定位提出了现实需求，而自然保护区本身面临事权职责模糊不清、严格管控名不符实、旅游管理参差不齐的混乱迷局。将自然保护区定位为自然保护地体系中的基础性地位，基于自然保护区已经取得生物多样性保护的显著成效、是物种及其栖息地保护的核心阵地、是生态安全与生态系统服务的基本底线3个原因。为实现自然保护区的基础性地位，应在法律法规中明确其地位与严格管理的基本要求，推动实现中央事权与中央政府直管，保证自然保护区面积充足与代表性充分，严格限制旅游经营活动，差别化管理和有序退出社区生产生活活动。

Discussion on the Nature Reserves as Foundationof Protected Areas in the New Era of EcologicalCivilizatio

The positioning of nature reserves in the protected areasystem is the strategic demand by the construction of ecologicalcivilization in the new era of China, as well as the realistic requestby the ongoing integration and optimization of protected areas.In the meantime, the nature reserves themselves are faced with aconfusing maze of ambiguous responsibilities, extremely strict rulesbut more in name than reality, and uneven management of visitoractivities. Nature reserves are positioned as the foundation in theprotected areas, based on the three reasons that nature reserves haveachieved remarkable achievements in biodiversity conservation, arethe core places of protection of species and their habitats, and arethe basic bottom line of ecological security and ecosystem services.In order to achieve the fundamental status of nature reserves, thepaper proposed 5 suggestions. Firstly, the foundational status andstrict rules should be clarified in the laws and regulations. Secondly,the central governmental authorities and direct managementof national nature reserves should be promoted. Thirdly, thesufficient size and full representativity of nature reserves shouldbe continuously promoted and guaranteed. Fourthly, tourism needsto be strictly restricted, and finally, the management policy for thecommunity should be differentiated and the chosen communityshould withdraw from the nature reserves in an orderly way.