| Payment for Environmental Services： The Sloping Land Conversion Program in Ningxia Autonomous Region of China |
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| 基金项目： | We thank the Dutch Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology for their financial support for this research. |
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| 摘 要： | China＇s Sloping Land Conversion Program has been implemented since 2002. It aims to achieve goals of ecological recovery and poverty alleviation, by retiring steeply sloping land from crop production and freeing surplus agricultural labor for off-farm activities. Given the huge investment that has been poured into it, and its ecological and social impacts, this government-initiated program has attracted significant academic attention and triggered a flood of debate. Since 2004, the debate has concentrated on the sustainability of the program. Although targets have been overachieved in some provinces, concern has still emerged regarding the livelihood of farmers after subsidies stop. The present paper analyzes the implementation of the Sloping Land Conversion Program in Ningxia Autonomous Region, with a focus on the required social capital for sustained participation o f farmers and the development of off-farm economic activities.
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| 关 键 词： | 中国 宁夏 生态恢复 社会资金 坡地转换 |
Payment for Environmental Services: The Sloping Land Conversion Program in Ningxia Autonomous Region of China |
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| Lei Zhang Qin Tu Arthur P. J. Mol. Payment for Environmental Services: The Sloping Land Conversion Program in Ningxia Autonomous Region of China[J]. China & World Economy, 2008, 16(2): 66-81. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-124X.2008.00107.x |
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| Authors: | Lei Zhang Qin Tu Arthur P. J. Mol |
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| Affiliation: | Assistant Professor, Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Email:;;Associate Research Fellow, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China, and Development Economics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Email:;;Professor, Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Email: . |
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| Abstract: | China's Sloping Land Conversion Program has been implemented since 2002. It aims to achieve goals of ecological recovery and poverty alleviation, by retiring steeply sloping land from crop production and freeing surplus agricultural labor for off‐farm activities. Given the huge investment that has been poured into it, and its ecological and social impacts, this government‐initiated program has attracted significant academic attention and triggered a flood of debate. Since 2004, the debate has concentrated on the sustainability of the program. Although targets have been overachieved in some provinces, concern has still emerged regarding the livelihood of farmers after subsidies stop. The present paper analyzes the implementation of the Sloping Land Conversion Program in Ningxia Autonomous Region, with a focus on the required social capital for sustained participation of farmers and the development of off‐farm economic activities. |
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| Keywords: | China Sloping Land Conversion Program social capital sustainability |
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