制度环境、技术复杂度与空间溢出的产业间非均衡性

制度环境作为约束区际互动的因素对于经济空间关联具有不可忽视的影响。本文系统地构建了空间溢出影响产业演化的路径体系,探索制度环境导致空间溢出产业间非均衡性的作用机制,以剖析制度影响区际经济关联的微观基础。基于中国地级地区4位数制造业的实证研究表明,地区间会通过“水平关联”“技术关联”与“投入产出关联”三条路径实现空间溢出,但受到制度环境的调节,较差的制度环境会削弱溢出效应。制度环境通过信任机制影响区际互动,对于不同溢出路径具有差异性的调节作用。技术关联和投入产出关联溢出依赖于企业间的密切互动,显著受到制度环境的调节;水平关联溢出并不一定依赖于企业间互动,受制度环境的调节作用较弱。高技术复杂度产业的发展更加依赖于具有密切技术相关性和投入产出关系的企业间协同机制,因而要求优越的制度环境支持,由此,在制度环境影响下,空间溢出在不同技术复杂度的产业间表现出非均衡性。本文结论暗含“产业促进政策悖论”:致力于促进本地发展的政策很可能因为扭曲制度环境反而成为制约发展的因素。中国推进转型发展与区域协同创新需要降低区际经济互动的交易成本,设计和建设规则透明、信息畅通、政策公平的正式制度是重点之一。

Institutional Environment,Technical Sophistication and Asymmetric Spatial Spillovers across Industries

Institutional environment has remarkable influence on the spatial economic relationship.This paper,constructs a framework of spatial spillovers affecting industrial evolution,and aims to explore the mechanism of institutional environment determines asymmetric spatial spillovers across industries.Based on the empirical study of 4 digit manufacturing industries in China’s prefectures,it is found that spatial spillovers can be realized through horizontal linkage,technological linkage and input-output linkage.Institutional environment influences interregional interaction through trust mechanism,which leads to varying regulatory effects on different spillover paths.Due to strongly dependence on enterprise interaction and cooperation,spillovers from technological and input-output linkages would be significantly regulated by institutional environment.However,there would be weaker institutional regulatory effect due to relatively simple relationship between enterprises involved in horizontal spillovers.The more complex the industrial technology is,the more dependent the industry development is on the learning mechanism between enterprises with close technological or input-output relationship,which requires the support of a better institutional environment.As a result,institutional environment will lead to asymmetric spatial spillovers among industries with different technical sophistication.This paper implies the paradox of industrial policy.Policies devoted to promoting local development are likely to become constraints on development due to distorting institutional environment.In China,in order to promote transformation development and regional collaborative innovation,it is necessary to design and build a formal system with transparent rules to reduce transaction cost of interregional interaction.