小额贷款公司制度创新及规范发展路径探析

2008年5月,银监会和人民银行出台《关于小额贷款公司试点的指导意见》（银监发〔2008〕23号）（以下简称23号文）,自此小额贷款公司（以下简称小贷公司）正式在我国取得了合法地位。作为一种制度创新,其对＂三农＂和中小微企业的发展提供了有力的资金支持。尤其是近年来,在金融改革释放民间资金活力的大背景下,为进一步促进小贷公司快速发展,各省区小贷公司主管部门纷纷在既有规定的基础上探索创新。这些自发性制度变迁拓展了小贷公司的运作空间,同时也折射出小贷公司在发展过程中存在的亟待关注和解决的问题。本文对近年来各地小贷公司发展过程中制度创新的内容、总体特征进行分析,并从完善顶层制度设计、规范经营管理、加强监管自律等方面提出建议。

The Analysis on the Institution Innovation of Micro-credit Companies and the Ways to Standardize their Development

In May 2008, China Banking Regulatory Commission and the People＇ s Bank of China issued Guiding Opinions on the Pilot Operation of Small-sum Loan Companies（No.23〔 2008〕 of China Banking Regulatory Commission）, micro-credit companies has formally obtained the legitimate status in China since then. As a kind of institution innovation, micro-credit companies provide great financial support for countryside, agriculture and farmers and the development of micro, small and medium enterprises. Especially in recent years, against the background that the financial reform has released a large amount of private capital, in order to further accelerate the development of micro-credit companies, provincial department in charge of micro-credit companies has explored the innovation on the basis of the existing rules. These spontaneous institutional changes expand the operating space of micro-credit companies, but also reflect the problems which should be paid attention to and solved in the development process of micro-credit companies.The paper analyzes the content and overall characteristics of the institution innovation, and puts forward suggestions from such aspects as perfecting top-level system design, standardizing operation and management, and strengthening regulatory self-discipline.