农业补贴类型、农业生产及农户行为的理论分析

本文通过构建新古典经济学理论模型,分析价格补贴、直接补贴和农机购置补贴对农户生产行为及农业产量的影响。研究发现:(1)提高三类农业补贴力度,不仅有利于降低农户到非农部门兼业可能性,刺激农户从事农业专业化生产,推动农业生产增产;还有利于以直接或间接的方式刺激农户增加农机购置,促进农业生产发展,但三类农业补贴率均有门槛限制,故补贴力度需要适度调整;(2)价格补贴对农机购置的影响与农业和非农业两部门劳动要素投入的产量弹性和参数有关,但价格补贴和直接补贴对农业部门农机购置的影响类似,二者均呈现倒“U”形变化关系;(3)当农机购置补贴和价格补贴率满足一定条件时,三类农业补贴政策对农业产量的增量效应排序是价格补贴最优、农机购置补贴次之、农户收入直接补贴效果最低。因此,建议以“价格补贴”改革为重点,适度兼顾其他类型农业补贴改革,协同促进农业生产发展。

The Influence from Agricultural Subsidies to Farmer Production Behavior and Agricultural Production

Agricultural subsidy is an important factor that affects farmers’ agricultural production behavior,but there exists difference in its respective affecting factors.On the basis of analyzing the influential mechanism,the paper constructs a theoretical model to analyze the influence of agricultural subsidy on the whole farmers’ production behavior and agricultural outputs,then we can get several conclusions:( 1) The agricultural protection subsidy policies are conducive to stimulating farmers to be more professional in agricultural production,reducing the possibility of farmers to non-agricultural sectors,promote agricultural production and increase production. It is also conducive to directly or indirectly stimulating farmers to increase the purchase of agricultural machinery and promote the development of agricultural production. However,the three types of agricultural subsidy rates have thresholds,so the subsidy needs to be moderate;( 2) The influence of agricultural capital price subsidy on the purchase of agricultural capital equipment is related to the output elasticity parameters. However,the effect of agricultural products price subsidy and peasant household income subsidy on the purchase of agricultural capital equipment in the agricultural sector is similar to own the invert "U"shapes;( 3) When the agricultural price subsidy rate and agricultural product price subsidy rate κmeet the conditions γ/( 1-γ)