世界遗产:公共产权的转移与约束

世界遗产是具有公共产权性质的特殊资源，应由国家进行永久性保护。但由于目前我国文物保护经费的不足，以及现行体制把世界遗产的管理权分散到地方政府各部门，在获得保护经费及旅游利益的驱动下，部分遗产地出现了过度开发现象，导致世界遗产保护区的城市化与商业化．出现保护与开发矛盾的根本原因，在于世界遗产公共产权私人化趋向，导致其外部性的增强．可能的解决途径是世界遗产公共产权由中央或地方的国家单一部门管理，以实现产权的硬约束，并且建立旅游收益与保护资金之间，政府与旅游企业之间的平衡。

World Heritage:Transference and Restriction of Public Property Right

World heritage is the special with public property right characteristic,and should be permanently protected by the nation.However,for the sake of cultural relic protective fund shortage,and current system has distributed world heritage administrative right to various regional government departments.Driven by getting protective fund and tourist significance,part of heritage has had over-developed phenomenon,which resulted in world heritage protective area's urbanization and being commercialized.The basic reason for the conflict between protection and development is the exterior enhancement.The possible solution is that world heritage public property right should be managed by central or regional national single department to realize furthermor restriction of property right,and establish balance between tourist income and protective fund,between the government and the tourist corporation.