以美国授权专利为视角浅析中国大陆创新能力

专利数量和质量是一个国家科技创新能力的重要表征。以在华机构获得的美国授权专利为研究对象,从专利数量、技术领域、区域分布、专利质量等多个角度进行了深入研究,探讨了我国大陆地区创新能力的发展态势。我国创新能力基础虽然薄弱,但发展迅速,尤其电子、信息、控制领域技术发展迅猛;内陆地区与沿海地区创新能力差距悬殊;台控股企业创新优势明显;大陆地区获得美国授权专利的质量分布不均衡。建议:我国在创新政策的制定上,应认识到专利数量和质量不是对立的;政府在资源配置的时候,应充分考虑区域之间存在的不均衡性;在对待创新能力在技术领域分布的不均衡性问题上,应充分尊重市场规律;应从基础领域和重点领域两方面,扩大我国专利的产业布局。

Analysis on Innovation Capability of Mainland China Based on Its U.S. Granted Patents

The quantity and quality of patents is an important indicator of a country’s scientiifc and technical innovation capability. Based on U.S. granted patents belonging to assignee in mainland China, this paper studies the innovation capability of mainland China from perspective of patent quantity. technical areas distribution, geographical distribution and the patent quality. Conclusions are drawn as follows：Despite the weak innovation basis, the innovation capability of China develops rapidly, especially in high-tech areas lik electronics, information technology and automation technology;There is a wide gap in innovation between inland and coastal regions;Innovation capability of Taiwan-controlled enterprises is higher than mainland enterprises;The quality of U.S. granted patents owned by mainland enterprise are unevenly distributed. Therefore, the government should realize that the quantity and the quality of the patents are not uncoordinated. Imbalance between regions should be considered in resources allocation. When dealing with the distribution imbalance problem of innovation capability in technology ifeld, the government should follow the market rules, and extend the Chinese industrial layout on patents in basic technology areas and priority areas.