外商直接投资对中国环境污染影响的再考察——基于外资来源和行业差异视角

基于中国城市统计年鉴数据和中国工业企业数据库,采用GMM估计实证检验了外商直接投资(FDI)对于中国环境污染的影响效应。研究结果表明,FDI对于不同污染物的影响效应存在巨大差别,FDI提高了工业废水排放,降低了工业二氧化硫排放。进一步分析表明,造成这种现象的原因是港澳台投资和外国投资的质量和行业分布差异。港澳台投资具有负面的环境绩效,而外国投资对中国的环境污染状况具有改善作用。利用中国工业企业数据库,统计分析不同行业的外商资本金构成情况,发现不同来源的FDI在行业间的分布情况存在差异。FDI的质量和行业分布差异,导致FDI对不同污染物产生不同的环境效应。论文为学者们关于FDI对中国环境影响的争论提供了一个合理的解释,也对中国的引资政策和环境治理具有一定的参考价值。

Re-Examination on the Environmental Effect of FDI in China:From the Perspective of FDI’s Origin and Industry Difference

The paper uses generalized method of moments to test the impact of FDI on China's environmental pollution based on China city statistical yearbook data and China industrial enterprise data.The results show that there are huge differences in the effects of FDI on different pollutants.FDI has increased industrial wastewater discharge and reduced industrial sulfur dioxide emissions.Further analysis shows that the reason for this phenomenon is the difference in the quality and distribution of FDI from Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan and FDI from foreign countries.FDI from Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan has negative environmental performance,while FDI from foreign countries has improved the environmental pollution situation in China.Using China industrial enterprise data to analyze the composition of foreign capital in different industries,and finds that there are differences in the distribution of foreign capital in the industry between different origins of FDI.This difference in the quality and distribution of FDI leads to FDI has different environmental effects on different pollutants.The paper not only provides a reasonable explanation for the scholars’debate on the impact of FDI on environment,but also has reference value for policy of attracting FDI and environmental governance in China.