中国社会福利和收入再分配： 1988-2007年

基于中国居民收入分配课题组（CHIPs）1988-2007年的住户调查数据，本文分析了中国福利体系的大小、结构及其再分配性质。本文发现，中国的福利体系仍然存在巨大的城乡分割，城市居民的社会福利更全面，福利收入更丰厚，其福利水平接近于一些西方发达国家；而农村的福利制度则不完善，福利收入非常微薄。同时，城市的福利收入体系尽管近几年的再分配作用有所减弱，但总体而言是累进的，有效降低了收入不平等。而农村的福利体系几乎对收入差距的缩小没有影响，但从2007年的结果来看，农村累退的福利体系开始向累进的方向转变。农民工的社会福利收入在2002-2007年间大幅度增加，并发挥了巨大的再分配作用。

SOCIAL WELFARE SYSTEM AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN CHINA: 1988-2007

Based on empirical evidence from the CHIPs 1988-2007 data, this paper analyzes the size, structure, and redistributive effect of the Chinese welfare system. Empirical results show that the Chinese welfare system is highly divided along the urban-rural line: the urban social benefit system stands among the more comprehensive and generous ones similar to those in the western industrialized countries, while the rural system is minimal and residual and similar to those in the least developed countries. The urban system has consistently reduced income inequality, despite to a lesser extent in recent year. It has remained progressive over time. The rural system has little impact on reducing income inequality and has been largely regressive. It is, however, moving toward a more progressive direction as indicated by the results in 2007. The social benefits for the migrants have significantly increased from 2002 to 2007 and played an increasingly larger redistributive role.