市场化、南北差距及其根源——基于作物性质的政治经济学考察

中国经济发展的区域差异及其根源,一直备受学界关注。其中,市场化发育的区域差异是解释经济发展差距的重要线索。然而,市场发育区域差异的生成根源却未能得到恰当的处理与阐释。文章试图从作物性质的政治经济学维度,构建"政府管制-作物性质-逃避策略"的逻辑框架,探讨区域经济发展差距背后市场发育的决定机理。文章认为,如果将市场化进程视为政府管制放松的过程,那么管制放松就可以区分为主动管制放松与被动管制放松。由可实施逃避策略所决定的被动管制放松及其所触发的市场化进程往往具有不可逆性。由此,逃避策略选择的区域差异性,将导致区域市场化发育程度的不同进而带来经济增长的差异。基于全国1997-2016年面板数据的实证分析表明：由"无政府主义"的作物种植所表达的管制逃避策略,能够显著促进市场化的发育程度;作物种植差异及其所蕴含的种植文化特性,共同决定了南北市场化差异;源于2013年全面开展的农地确权,进一步强化"南强北弱"的管制逃避,导致南北经济差异不断扩大。本研究有助于为中国区域经济增长差异提供新的洞见,从而为缓解不平衡不充分发展问题并推进中国区域经济的协调发展提供政策依据。

Marketization,the North-South Gap and its Root Causes:Investigation of Political Economy Based on the Nature of Crop

The regional differences in China s economic development and their root causes have always attracted the attention of academic circles.Among them,the regional differences in the development of marketization are important clues to explain the gap in economic development.However,the root causes of regional differences in market development have not been properly explained.This article attempts to construct a logical framework of“government regulation-crop nature-evasion strategy”from the political economy dimension of crop nature,and explore the determining mechanism of market development behind the gap in regional economic development.The article believes that if the process of marketization is regarded as the process of government deregulation,then deregulation can be divided into active deregulation and passive deregulation.The passive deregulation determined by the implementable evasion strategy and the marketization process triggered by it are often irreversible.As a result,avoiding regional differences in strategic choices will lead to differences in the degree of regional marketization development and thus differences in economic growth.Empirical analysis based on panel data from 1997 to 2016 across the country shows that the regulation evasion strategy expressed by“anarchist”crop planting can significantly promote the development of marketization;the differences in crop planting and the cultural characteristics of planting contained in them,Together,they determine the difference between North and South marketization;originating from the full-scale implementation of farmland right confirmation in 2013,it has further strengthened the evasion of control of“strong South and weak North”,resulting in the continuous expansion of the economic disparity between the North and the South.This research not only provides new insights into the differences in China s regional economic growth,but also provides theoretical support for alleviating the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development and promoting the coordinated development of China s regional economy.