基于演化经济学的国家创新系统层级研究

国家创新系统是一个复杂的大系统，多层次性是其主要特征。本文从演化经济学的视角出发，用动态的观点探析国家创新系统的层级结构、功能及层次之间的作用机理。认为国家创新系统不仅是一个自上而下的过程，还应当是一个自下而上的过程，并将这一过程描述为小生境中创新的产生、社会技术体制对创新的选择和社会技术地景对创新的选择三个阶段。而后分别从企业、区域与国家三个层级进一步考察新技术的产生、发展、改进和扩散的演化过程，指出层级间个人或集体行为有机联系并相互作用，使国家创新系统有效运行。最后，在分析的基础上提出国家应根据不同层次影响创新因素的特征进行有效政策定位，并给出相关的政策建议。

Based on the Nationd Innovation System of Evoltionary Economics Hierarchy Research

National innovation system is a complex large-scale systems, who has a multi-level feature. The paper researches on hierarchy of national innovation system from the Perspective of evolution economics. It was emphasized that the national innovation system is not only a up-down process, but must also be a process from bottom to top, so we described this process into three stages which are innovation emerging from niche, and innovation selected by Soeio-teehnical regimes and Socio-technieal Landscape. Then we further inspects the evolutionary process of innovation whose production, development, improvement, and proliferation, pointed out that behavior of Individual and collective actors among different layers contact organically, which will make the national innovation system gets an effective operation. On this basis, proposed that the state should do effective policy position based on different layers of the factors affecting the characteristics of innovation, and put forward a number of policy recommendations.