国际货币体系改革的集体行动与二十国集团的作用

作为一种重要的国际公共产品,国际货币体系的改革是典型的集体行动。从历史的角度看,国际货币体系改革的集体行动可以分为霸权空位型、霸权主导型以及霸权参与型三类,影响其成败的主要因素包括霸权状态、共同利益诉求、集体行动的约束力以及对国际货币体系的判断。鉴于在今后相当长时期内,现行美元体制的可持续性以及未来世界经济形势的不确定性,国际货币体系改革的集体行动应该更加注重设立短期而非长期性的目标,其短期目标应该是控制失衡和抑制美元风险。目前,二十国集团(G20)机制已成为推进国际货币体系改革的重要平台,以其推动现行国际货币体系的改革既有艰巨性,亦有可行性。共同利益基础是G20推进现行国际货币体系改革的主要立足点,坚持集体行动原则、通过制度化建设增强决策执行力、强化国际经济政策协调是G20机制充分发挥作用的重要途径。中国应避免单独直接面对或挑战美国的核心利益,而是应更多地利用G20这个重要平台实现自身的利益诉求,增强自身在推动国际货币体系改革进程中的地位与影响力。

International Monetary System Reform:Collective Actions and the Role of G20

As an international public goods, the international monetary system is a typical result of collective action. From the historical perspective, there are three types of collective actions of international monetary system reform, that’s, hegemonic vacancy, hegemonic dominance and hegemonic participatory. The author argues that, due to the sustainability of dollar system and future uncertainty of the world economic situation, the reform should focus more on the short-term objectives: controlling imbalances and containing dollar exposure. G20 is becoming another platform of the international monetary system reform. China should try to enhance its status and influences in the process of reform, taking the advantage of G20 and avoiding directly challenging the core interests of the United States.