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Hot and cold merger markets
Authors:N K Chidambaran  Kose John  Zhaoyun Shangguan  Gopala Vasudevan
Institution:(1) Department of Finance & Business Economics, Fordham University, 1790 Broadway, New York, NY 10023, USA;(2) Department of Finance, New York University, 44 West 4th Street, New York, NY 10012, USA;(3) Department of Accounting and Finance, School of Business, Robert Morris University, Moon Township, PA, USA;(4) Department of Accounting and Finance, Charlton College of Business, University of Massachusetts, 285 Old Westport Road, Dartmouth, MA, USA;;
Abstract:We study mergers and acquisition during the period from 1988 to 2005 and examine the impact of merger market intensity, i.e., merger waves, on the means of payment and the returns to target and acquirer shareholders. We use two proxies to measure the intensity of the merger market—the number of mergers in the trailing 12-month period prior to a merger and the total dollar volume of mergers in the trailing 12-month period prior to a merger—and use these measures to define hot and cold merger markets. We find that stock financing is more common after a stock price run-up for the acquiring firm and in hot merger markets. We also find that the acquisition premium is larger in hot merger markets. Returns to acquiring company shareholders are lower for stock financed mergers and are lower when merger markets are intense. Our results are consistent with the predictions of the behavioral theory for merger waves.
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