Non-compliance in organic farming: A cross-country comparison of Italy and Germany |
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| Institution: | 1. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;2. Former Institution: IRTA, Animal Welfare Subprogram, ES-17121, Monells, Girona, Spain;3. School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 237, Reading RG6 6AR, UK;4. University of Kassel, Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal health, Nordbahnhofstrasse 1a, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany;5. BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, La Chantrerie, 44307 Nantes, France;6. Business Economics group, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes the Italian and German organic certification systems, including the institutions involved and the definitions of non-compliance and sanctions. Although they are both implementations of the same EU regulatory framework, these systems differ in many respects. Case study data from control bodies on non-compliance and sanctions are presented and analysed using binary choice models. This analysis shows that the occurrence of slight non-compliance and greater farm acreage are significant risk factors that explain severe non-compliance in both countries. However, to implement an efficient risk-based inspection system in the future, the data collection process must be improved and extended to examine personal attributes of farmers and operators. |
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| Keywords: | Organic certification Non-compliance Risk analysis Italy Germany |
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