WTO框架下欧盟知识产权边境措施适用于过境货物之合法性分析

当今,不少国家或地区的知识产权执法权限日益扩张,并与贸易自由、尤其是过境自由的法律制度相冲突。这一冲突近年来在针对过境货物的知识产权边境措施中凸显,包括荷兰在内的欧盟国家频繁扣押过境货物,其中不少涉及我国出口的货物。2010年5月,印度就仿制药扣押案正式通过WTO向欧盟提起磋商。2011年7月印度和欧盟已达成了一项临时性谅解协议,①但这只是暂时解决了欧盟与印度之间针对通用名药的纷争,远未解决欧盟边境措施本身的合法性问题。本文旨在研究欧盟的立法和司法实践,分析其在GATT和TRIPS协定项下的合法性,并简述我国的应对措施。

Study on the Legality of Applying EU Border Measures to In-transit Goods under the WTO Framework

Nowadays, intellectual property protection has been increasingly enhanced in certain countries. Intellectual property Practices in certain countries even come to conflict with free trade rules in cases applying border measures to in-transit goods. Seizure cases of in-transit goods frequently occurred in EU members states, most of which involve goods made in China. In May 2010, India filed consultation regarding seizure cases with EU through WTO. So far, India and EU have reached a temporary understanding which merely solved dispute concerning generic drugs between these two specific parties, and have not touched the legality issue of EU border measures. This article aims to review the legality of EU regulation and legal practices under GATT and TRIPS agreement, and concludes with a brief advice on relevant countermeasures for Chinese exporters.