基于拓展Orr模型的中国服务业进入壁垒研究

从制度环境质量、要素使用特征以及政府干预等方面探讨了中国服务业进入壁垒的形成机理，并利用拓展Orr模型实证检验进入壁垒对中国2008年40个二位数服务行业进入率的影响。结果表明：依托行政审批制度的行业准入管制的放松有利于提高服务业进入率，但税收负担、资产规模和研发投入构成显著的进入壁垒，其中知识和技术密集型服务业对人力资本和研发投入的要求更高；政府干预形成的进入壁垒主要表现在国有企业庞大的营业额和资产规模上。

A Study on Entry Barriers of Chinese Service Industry Based on Extended Orr Model

The entry barriers of Chinese service industry consist of institutional environment, factor cost and governmental intervention. This paper uses extended Orr model to empirically test the effects of the above entry barriers on entry rate of 40 Chinese 2-digit service industries. The empirical results show that, the growth of entry rate of service industries is significantly promoted by releasing the regulation of entry access based on administrative approval system, meanwhile, it is obstructed by tax burden, capital intensity, R&D investment and overwhelming revenue and capital proportion of state-owned economy. Especially, higher requirement for human capital and R&D investment significantly impedes outside entry activities in knowledge- and technology-intensive service industries.