Temporal influences on image change |
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| Authors: | William C. Gartner |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;2. Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;3. Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal, 36 Milan, Italy;4. Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal, 36 Milan, Italy;1. Department of Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand;2. Department of Geography, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland;3. School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden;4. School of Tourism & Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa;5. Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands;6. School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom;7. NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences, Breda, The Netherlands;8. Department of Service Management, Lund University, Helsingborg, Sweden;9. Department of Tourism, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;10. Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel;11. Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;12. Vestlandsforsking, Sogndal, Norway;13. Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;14. Instituto de Turismo y Desarrollo Económico Sostenible, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;15. Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK;p. Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia;q. University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK;r. Département de Géographie, Institut de Recherche sur la Science, la Société et la Politique, Université d''Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada;s. Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;t. Conseil et Recherche en Politiques Climatiques, Marseille, France;u. University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;v. Tourism and Environment, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada;w. Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada;x. Fachhochschule Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany;y. Institute of Transport and Tourism, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK;z. Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;11. Icelandic Tourism Research Centre, Akureyri, Iceland;12. Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;13. Department of Geography and Planning, North Arizona University, Arizona, USA;14. Center for Sustainable Tourism, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA;15. Department of Community Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;16. Department of Management, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius;17. School of Management, Operations and Marketing, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia;18. School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia;19. Cologne Business School, Köln, Germany;110. Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Iceland, Vesturbær, Reykjavík, Iceland;111. MCI Management Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;112. Centre for Integrated Energy Research and Sustainability Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK;113. Yale Project on Climate Change Communication, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA;114. Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change, Department of Geography and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK;115. Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa;1p. University of Exeter Business School, Streatham Court, Exeter, UK;1. New Zealand Institute of Tourism Research, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand;2. Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, The University of Waikato Management School, Hamilton, New Zealand;3. New Zealand–China Tourism Research Unit, The University of Waikato Management School, Hamilton, New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | Hunt (1971) defines state image as the impressions that a person or persons hold about a state in which they do not reside. But image is more complex than a single perception, for Brand identification as well as people's perceptions of attributes of various activities or attractions within an area will interact to form a composite state image. Research into such images is a basis for product positioning of a state's various attractions or activities against other regions. The effects of temporal influences on image change may have consequences for product positioning. Within the limits of this research design, very little image change was seen to result from short-term seasonal differences. However, the minor changes noted were in the hypothesized direction, leading to the conclusion that further research should be conducted on image change as a result of temporal influences. |
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| Keywords: | image temporal influences brand identity recreation activities attractions |
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