人是自然,又非自然--人学问题札记

人本是自然的一部分。但是,人又绝非一般自然物,而是与一般自然物相区别的、高度发展了的、特殊的、有生命的自然物。他是自然的异化,是最有智慧的、知情意发展最高的那一部分自然。就此而言,他又是非自然。人是一种非自然的自然物或者说自然的非自然物,一句话,人是文化的动物。从外在表征看,文化的种种形态以“符号”的形式表现出来;而从内在蕴藏看,文化的深层内核是价值,就此而言,人生活在一个价值的世界中,人是价值的动物。这可以提供我们从另一角度界定人与动物的根本区别:对于动物而言,不存在“价值”问题,周围环境对于动物来说只是一个“物理”的世界、“事实”的世界;只有人才有“价值”问题,他所面对着的根本上是一个价值世界、文化世界、意义世界,一个主体性的充满理想的世界。

Human is nature, as well as non-nature --Reading notes on homiaology

Human is the part of nature.But human isn't general nature substance,is a kind of nature substance different from general nature substance,high-developed,special,zoetic.He is the dissimilation of nature,is nature with high-intelligence,high-developed of knowledge,feeling and volition,so,human is non-nature.Human is non-natural nature substance or natural non-nature substance,in a word,human is the animal with culture.On the view of extrinsic representation,all kinds of culture modality represents with sign;on the view of intrinsic meaning,deep-seated kernel of culture is value,according to these,human lives in the world of value,is the animal with value.This make us confirm the essential difference between human and animal from another angle:for animal,has no value,environment just is a physical world,factual world;for human,has value,world human facing is a value world,culture world,significance world,subjective world,full of ideality.