陈大齐对儒家人性论的解读及其美德论

作为与第一代现代新儒家同时期的学者,陈大齐对儒家伦理思想的贡献令人瞩目.他认为,孟子与荀子对人性的定义是“名同而义异”的,然就善与恶的论说,二儒的观点一致、相互符顺.在此基础上,陈大齐建立了一套颇具特色的美德伦理学：以获取“人生的安宁”作为践行美德之目的,以切己性、可实现性、普遍性与究竟性等属性作为美德之属性,以所系正大、无过无不及、通权达变、设身处地、手段力求正当等作为诸德成美的必备条件.陈大齐的美德论在当前伦理学返回德行伦理的大潮中发挥着重要影响.

The Interpretation of Confucian Humanity and Virtuous Ethics by Chen Daqi

In the period of the first generation of modern Neo--Confucian,the contribution of Chen Daqi to Confucian ethics was remarkable. He believed that the definitions of humanity by Mencius and Xun Zi were ＂the same name but different meanings＂, but on the discourse of good and evil, their thoughts were the same. On this basis, Chen Daqi built up a kind of virtue ethics which used ＂life of peace＂ as the purpose of practicing the virtues; used self-interest, possibility of achievement, universality and ultimacy as attributes of virtues; used kind-hearted object, no over or inadequate, the changes of means by special circumstance, empacy, reasonable means as the circumstance of changing moral to virtue. The thoughts of virtuous ethics by Chen Daqi play an important role in today＇s trend of ethics returning to virtues ethics.