河北省乡村振兴水平评价及空间差异研究

目的 对2010—2020年河北省及其各区域乡村振兴水平进行测度，并针对区域差异展开解析，以期为该区域农业绿色发展提供科学参考。方法 文章构建河北省乡村振兴评价指标体系，然后基于2010—2020年的面板数据，综合运用熵权法、均权法、加权综合评价指数法对河北省及其区域乡村振兴水平进行测度，同时选取变异系数和锡尔指数对区域差异进行测度和分解。结果 （1）河北省乡村振兴发展水平及产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕5个子系统均呈现稳步逐年上升趋势，其中，乡风文明、治理有效两子系统水平偏低，产业兴旺和生态宜居水平相对较高，变化趋势以生态宜居增长最快，生活富裕增长缓慢，产业兴旺波动性较大。（2）河北省各区域乡村振兴水平和变化趋势差异较大。邯郸和唐山发展水平最高，沧州和承德相对较低，邯郸、保定、石家庄、张家口和承德5市水平提升较快，衡水变化最小，其他地区提升速度相对缓慢。（3）冀东、冀南地区的乡村振兴水平区域差异性较小，冀中、冀北区域差异相对较大，冀北和四大区域间差异是造成全省差异性的主要原因。结论 河北省乡村振兴发展水平整体呈现逐年递增趋势，但增幅有限；地区发展不平衡，地区发展水平差距大，中心城市规模小，乡村之间、地区之间要素流动的成本高，难以对乡村造成有效辐射，农业产业基础薄弱，公共服务设施不足等诸多乡村振兴的短板依然存在。未来应继续加强推进缩小区域间差异，尤其是冀北和冀中地区内部乡村振兴发展不平衡问题较严重。

EVALUATION OF RURAL REVITALIZATION LEVEL AND RESEARCH ON SPATIAL DIFFERENCES IN HEBEI PROVINCE

This research is planned to measure the level of rural revitalization in Hebei province and its regions from 2010 to 2020, and analyze the regional differences, so as to provide scientific references for the regional agricultural green development. The evaluation index system of rural revitalization in Hebei Province was constructed, and then based on the panel data from 2010 to 2020, the entropy weight method, average weight method and weighted comprehensive evaluation index method were used to measure the level of rural revitalization in Hebei province and its regions, and the coefficient of variation and Hill index were selected to measure and decompose the regional differences. The results were listed as follows. (1) The level of rural revitalization and development and the five subsystems of industrial prosperity, ecological livability, rural civilization, effective governance and wealth of life in Hebei province all showed a steady upward trend year by year. Among them, the two subsystems of rural civilization and effective governance were at a low level, and the level of industrial prosperity and ecological livability was relatively high. The trend of change was ecological livability and it grew the fastest, the growth of wealth of life was slow, and the fluctuation of industrial prosperity was large. (2) The level and trend of rural revitalization in different regions of Hebei province were quite different. Handan and Tangshan had the highest level of development, Cangzhou and Chengde were relatively low, Handan, Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Zhangjiakou and Chengde improved rapidly, Hengshui changed the least, and other regions improved relatively slowly. (3) The regional difference of rural revitalization level in eastern and southern Hebei was relatively small, and the regional difference between central and northern Hebei was relatively large. The difference between northern Hebei and the four major regions was the main reason for the provincial difference. In summary, the overall level of rural revitalization and development in Hebei province is increasing year by year, but the increase is limited. There are still many shortcomings in rural revitalization, such as imbalanced regional development, large gap in urban-rural development levels, small scale of central cities, and high cost of factor flow between rural and urban-rural areas, difficulty in effectively radiating rural areas, weak agricultural industry foundation, and insufficient public service facilities. In the future, we should continue to promote the reduction of inter-regional differences, especially the problem of unbalanced rural revitalization and development in northern and central Hebei.