欠发达地区农产品产地冷链建设影响因素与对策研究

目的 我国欠发达地区的农产品产地冷链物流起步晚、发展基础薄弱，补齐产地冷链短板对增强农产品产业链韧性、实现冷链产业安全稳定发展有重要意义。方法 文章基于各地的冷链物流专题调研资料，结合前期研究基础，通过扎根理论对资料进行编码分析，实现对欠发达地区产地冷链物流制约因素的概念化和范畴化。在此基础上，运用解释结构模型（Interpretative Structural Modeling Method，ISM模型）理清各项制约因素间的内在关联，构建层级递阶结构。结果 结果表明，产地冷链物流制约因素共14项，其结构体系可划分为3个层次，其中产地物流设施水平低和上下游主体缺乏协调是欠发达地区产地冷链物流发展滞后的直接制约因素，位于表象层；企业投资回报率低、公共信息平台建设滞后等7项因素位于中间层；农户生产规模小且加工粗放型、设备投资额大和回收期过长、资产专用性强、追溯技术水平不高以及人才供给数量质量不足是最根本制约因素，位于根源层。结论 欠发达地区需进一步重视产地冷链物流发展，从鼓励新型农业主体发展、吸纳各类资本参与产地建设、降低专用性冷链设备投资风险等方面补齐产地冷链短板。

RESEARCH ON INFLUENCING FACTORS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF COLD CHAIN CONSTRUCTION OF PRODUCING AREA IN UNDERDEVELOPED REGIONS

The cold chain logistics of agricultural products in underdeveloped areas of China starts late and have a weak development foundation. It is of great significance to strengthen the resilience of the agricultural industry chain and realize the safe and stable development of the cold chain industry. Based on the cold chain logistics special research data and combined with the foundation of previous research, the data were coded and analyzed by rooting theory to realize the conceptualization and scoping of cold chain logistics constraints of origin in underdeveloped regions. On the basis of this, an explanatory structural model (ISM model) was applied to clarify the internal correlation among the constraints and build a hierarchical progressive structure. The results showed that there were 14 origin cold chain logistics constraints, and the structure system could be divided into three levels, among which the low level of origin logistics facilities and the lack of coordination of upstream and downstream subjects were the direct constraints of the lagging development of origin cold chain logistics in less developed regions, which were located in the surface level; 7 factors, such as low return on investment of enterprises and lagging construction of public information platform, were located in the middle level; the small scale of farmers'' production and rough processing, the large investment in equipment and the long payback period were located in the middle level. Large investment in equipment and long payback period, strong asset specialization, low level of traceability technology and insufficient quantity and quality of talent supply were the most fundamental constraints and located in the root layer. Therefore, less developed regions need to pay further attention to the development of origin cold chain logistics, and make up for the short board of origin cold chain in terms of absorbing all kinds of capital to participate in the construction of origin, encouraging the development of new agricultural subjects, and reducing the investment risk of dedicated cold chain equipment.